本篇是中文科技文章翻譯成英文的實例，版主略為講解初稿與老外校訂版本的差異，供有志於中譯英的網友參考。

◎ 隨著電腦和網路深入到國民經濟與人民生活的各個領域，網路威脅無孔不入，網路環境下電腦泄密的問題愈發嚴重。

(版主譯文) Given the fact that computers and networks are being widely used in every aspect of national economy and general public’s lives, ubiquitous network threats are making computer information divulgence more and more serious in networked environments.

(校訂版本) With computers and networks being widely used in every aspect of national economy and general public’s lives, ubiquitous network threats are making computer information leakage more and more serious in networked environments.

(講解分析)
就版主的理解，given the fact that … ( = taking somthing into consideration - 考慮到) 這種用法是正確的，不過只是說明實情，可能無法反映出中文原文 (隨著…) 的意思。
“with” 的連接手段很實用，表明主要子句與從屬子句之間略有關係。 

洩密 - 就是用 “leakage” - > (of information) becoming known

愈發 / 愈來愈… = 記得要用 [現在進行式 / more and more + 比較級] 來表達，細節請參考：『英文「現在進行式」的使用時機 (2)』。

 

◎ 當駭客知道用戶名、銀行帳號或 QQ 號碼之後，為了得到你的密碼，會利用程式自動產生不同的字元組合，不停嘗試，直到成功為止。

(版主譯文) After obtaining your username, bank account information, or QQ number, the hacker will use software to automatically generate different combinations of letters and numbers, exhaustively trying a large number of possibilities until he succeeds in getting your password.

(校訂版本) After obtaining your username, bank account information, or QQ number, the hacker will use software to automatically generate different combinations of letters and numbers, ceaselessly trying a large number of possibilities until he succeeds in getting your password.

(講解分析)
“the hacker” 是指駭客們，不是這個駭客。這裡可以用 “hackers” 來替換 “the hacker”。英文冠詞的細節用法請參考：『冠詞用法的「邏輯」』。

“exhaustive” 是「全面的 (thorough) 」，”ceaseless” 才是「不停的」。 

“succeed in + Ving” 成功達成某事 - 可以指過去或者未來
“managed to + V / managed ” 成功達成某事 - 指過去的事件
“manage to + V / manage ” 成功達成某事 - 指現在或未來的事件

(英文例句)
I haven’t been learning English for long, so I can only manage (= speak) a few words.
(我不久前才開始學英文，目前只能湊合幾句。) - 現在

“Can you help me reinstall my operating system?”
(你可以幫我重新安裝作業系統嗎？)
“I can manage a few hours in the morning.”
(我早上可以挪出幾個小時。) - 未來 
 
“Can you give me a hand with that? … No, it’s all right. I’ll manage / I can manage.”
(可以請你幫個忙嗎？ 不行啊，沒關係。我自己想辦法。) - 未來

“It was quite difficult, but I managed to get it all done.”
(那很困難，不過我還是把所有事情都完成了。) - 過去

Even a schoolboy could manage a better story than that.
(連小學生都可以編出比那個更好的故事。) - 非事實的現在假設

 

◎ 由於用戶使用”軟鍵盤” (一種由程式產生的虛擬鍵盤) 可以避開木馬的擊鍵記錄技術，使其失去作用，於是駭可又琢磨出螢幕快照的方法。

(版主譯文) The keystroke logging technique is rendered useless when the user uses a “soft keyboard” (a kind of program-generated virtual keyboard). This forces hackers to come up with a screen snapshot technique.

(校訂版本) The Trojan Horse Keylogger is rendered useless when the user uses a “soft keyboard” (a kind of program-generated virtual keyboard) to evade it. Consequently, the hackers come up with a screen snapshot technique.

(講解分析)
“be rendered useless” - 使…無用。

教訂版本比較貼近原文，”evade” 就是避開的意思。”tax evasion” 就是逃漏稅。

“come up with” - 提出，這是非常常用的用法。
(英文例句)
If I came up with one-tenth of the shit your dad produced, I could write my own ticket to any math department in the country.

 

◎ 為了竊取不上網電腦的資料，駭客又想出新的招式：擺渡技術。

(版主譯文) Hackers go to extra lengths to invent yet another new approach called “the ferrying technique” to steal data stored on computers isolated from the Internet.

(校訂版本) In order to steal data stored on computers that are isolated from the Internet, hackers go to extra lengths to invent yet another new approach called “the ferrying technique.”

(講解分析)
“go to extra lengths” - be prepared to do something
這種用法 “go to — lengths” 可以用來表達許多中文的情緒說法：不厭其煩、不顧一切、不遺餘力、 不嫌麻煩。 

 ”yet” - 「又」的意思，不是「尚未」的意思。 

 

◎  網路資訊包羅萬象，使用 Google 甚至能搜索到軍事地圖照片，所以通過搜索、收集和分析，完全有可以找出有價值的情報資訊。”公開的資訊”其中將近一半是來自網路，原因主要有兩方面，一是管理上的漏洞，比如資訊發佈時把關不嚴；二是線民的疏忽，在網上談論秘密事項。還有，外國特工人員常常在聊天室、論壇或部落格故意發帖子引誘網友洩密或暴露身份，甚至明碼標價收購涉密資訊。

(版主譯文) There exists a formidable array of information on the Internet. One can even google to find military maps. Therefore, it is all too possible to obtain valuable intelligence through search, collection, and analysis. Some 80 percent of “public information” was collected from the Internet. Two factors contribute to this phenomenon: for one thing, clumsy management leads to leakage while information is being distributed; for another, network users unintentionally talk about secret affairs over the Internet. Furthermore, foreign secret agents often make posts in chat rooms, forums, or blogs, trying to trick net friends into revealing confidential information or disclosing their identities, even to the point of publicly offering backhanders to coax forth classified information.

(校訂版本) There exists a formidable array of information on the Internet. One can even google to find military maps. Therefore, it is all too possible to obtain valuable intelligence through search, collection, and analysis. Some 80 percent of “open source information” was collected from the Internet . Two factors contribute to this phenomenon: First, there are management loopholes, such as not having tight enough control when distributing information; second, netizens are negligent. They discuss secret matters over the Internet. Furthermore, foreign secret agents often put postings in chat rooms, forums, or blogs, trying to trick net friends into revealing confidential information or disclosing their identities, even to the point of publicly offering a listed price to acquire classified information.

(講解分析)
“There is/exists … ” 這種用法是表示「事物的存在的事實」才用，不要看到中文出現「有..」就立刻用 “There is …”，細節請參考：『「There + be / There + 動詞」 句型』。

“google” 這裡可當成動詞。

“two factors contribute to this phenomenon:” - 這句話翻譯時有點困難，因為要想出合適的單字來當作受詞。因為前面是講到網路洩密，所以版主使用 “phenomenon (現象)”，版主認為 “situation (狀況)” 應該也可以接受。

“there are management loopholes.” - 有管理漏洞。版主的譯文 “clumsy management” 有負面字眼，可能是因此被修訂。這兩點還是參照老外的翻譯比較精準。

“even to the point of…” - 甚至

“backhanders” - 回扣 / coax forth .. (引誘) = 這段被大幅度修改，版主感覺老外的用詞比較中性，也比較貼近中文原文。

 

◎ 強化保密觀念
保密觀念是安全的前提，必須堅持強化意識、自覺防范、主動作為的原則。通過保密宣傳和警示教育，並且加強涉密檔和設備的使用管理，確保凡是涉密的就不要觸網。

(版主譯文) Improving Awareness of Confidential Information Protection
Awareness of confidential information protection is of utmost importance for curbing security threats. The principles to be followed include continually enhancing the awareness, consciously preventing divulgence, and proactively engaging in protection against data breach. Management of access to confidential files and devices containing classified data must be strengthened through divulgence prevention announcements and compliance warning education to make sure that all devices containing confidential information will never be connected to the Internet.

(校訂版本) Strengthen Awareness of Confidential Information Protection
Awareness of confidential information protection is the prerequisite to security. Awareness of confidential information protection must be strengthened. The principles to be followed include conscientiously preventing leakage, and take proactive actions. Make sure that all devices containing confidential information will never be connected to the Internet through confidential information protection publicity, warning, and education.

(講解分析)
校訂版本將這段拆散，版主懷疑是校訂者沒有完全看懂中文。最好的版本如下：
Awareness of confidential information protection is the prerequisite to security. The principles to be followed include strengthening awareness of confidential information protection, conscientiously preventing leakage, and taking proactive actions (強化意識、自覺防范、主動作為的原則). Make sure that all devices containing confidential information will never be connected to the Internet through confidential information protection publicity, warning, and education (通過保密宣傳和警示教育). 

** 這段中文有點難，首先要拆解中文句子，找出相對邏輯來套用英文句型。有興趣的網友，請參考版主講解分析的版本。

 

◎ 針對需要將上網電腦中下載的軟體、查找的資料拷貝到涉密電腦的情況，解決的方案是：將上網下載後的資料整理後，刻錄到一張空白光碟上，然後再拿到涉密電腦上使用。

(版主譯文) When it comes to the need to copy software and files downloaded from the Internet to a computer containing confidential information, the protective measure should be performed as follows: organize all the downloaded files, have them recorded onto a blank disk, and then use them on the computer containing confidential information.

(校訂版本) Targeted at the need to copy software and files downloaded from the Internet to a computer containing confidential information, the solution is: organize all the downloaded files, have them recorded onto a blank disk, and then use them on the computer containing confidential information.

(講解分析)
校訂版本比較貼近中文原文，結構也很清楚。

 

◎ 安裝必備的防護軟體
技術手段是安全的保證，殺毒軟體和防火牆軟體都要安裝，一個也不能少，必要時還要安裝防間諜軟體。這裏往往存在一個明顯的安全誤區是：只安裝殺毒軟體，覺得用得也很安全，沒有必要安裝防火牆軟體。

(版主譯文) Installing Necessary Protective Software
Implementing technical measures guarantees security. Both anti-virus and firewall software must be installed without exception, and even an anti-spyware program must be installed as well if necessary. There is often an obvious myth floating around regarding this: one might be under the impression that the system is safely guarded with the installation of anti-virus software, so installing a firewall program does not seem to be a must.

(校訂版本) Installing Necessary Protective Software
Implementing technical measures guarantees security. Both anti-virus and firewall software must be installed without exception, and even an anti-spyware program must be installed as well if necessary. There is often a false sense of security floating around regarding this: one might be under the impression that the system is safely guarded with the installation of anti-virus software, so installing a firewall program does not seem to be a must.

(講解分析)
畫底線的中文有點難翻，可能是大陸用法，版主當時翻譯時未能完全掌握中文意思，校訂版的英文非常精準。

 

◎ 殺毒軟體之所以能查毒，純粹是根據病毒樣本的代碼特徵來識別的，然而現在的病毒更新很快、變種很多，它們的特徵如果沒有被殺毒軟體掌握到，那麼也就無法報警和剿殺。而且，黑客的非法訪問並不具有任何特徵碼，所以殺毒軟體也無法識別。但是，防火牆是針對連接網路的資料包進行監控，相當於一個嚴格的門衛，掌管系統的各扇門(埠)，它負責對進出的人進行身份核實，只有得到最高長官(即電腦主人)的許可才可以出入，因而從網路訪問上保證了系統的安全。

(版主譯文) Anti-virus software detects computer viruses simply by identifying known signatures based on sample virus code. Computer viruses, however, are now evolving quickly into a wide variety of new breeds. If the patterns of new virus breeds are not updated and distributed in a timely manner, anti-virus software is not capable of issuing alerts and killing them. Moreover, illegal visits by hackers do not leave any trace of signature code, making it impossible for anti-virus software to detect them. Fortunately, the firewall program, which is aimed at monitoring incoming packets from the Internet, plays the role of a strict gatekeeper that guards all the doors (ports) to the system. It is responsible for checking and verifying identities, with access being granted to visitors only by the chief officer, ie the computer owner. Therefore, the firewall program guarantees security for the system against malicious Internet visits.

(校訂版本) Anti-virus software detects computer viruses simply by identifying known signatures based on sample virus code. Computer viruses, however, are now evolving quickly into a wide variety of new breeds. If the patterns of new virus breeds are not mastered by anti-virus software, the software will not be able to issue alerts or exterminate them. Moreover, illegal visits by hackers do not leave any trace of signature code, making it impossible for anti-virus software to detect them.  However, the firewall program, which is aimed at monitoring incoming packets from the Internet, plays the role of a strict gatekeeper that guards all the doors (ports) to the system. It is responsible for checking and verifying identities, with access being granted to visitors only by the chief officer, that is the computer owner. Therefore, the firewall program guarantees security for the system against malicious Internet visits.

(講解分析)
“code” 這個單字時而可數，時而不可數。視為整體時便是不可數，如本例。

「現在病毒更新很快、變種很多 (Computer viruses are now evolving quickly into a wide variety of new breeds)」- 表示是一種持續且正在進行的狀態，因此要用現在進行式，細節請參考：『英文「現在進行式」的使用時機 (2)』。

“ie” - 口語用法，不適合用在書面文章。

 

◎ 及時升級是安全的關鍵，由於漏洞不斷被發現、病毒與攻擊不斷更新，這就需要對作業系統、應用軟體和病毒庫及時升級維護。通常存在的一個安全誤區是：將“Windows自動更新”關閉。這樣將無法及時安裝補丁，使得漏洞暴露在網路上。

(版主譯文) Performing timely upgrades is critical in providing security. Given that new loopholes are being exposed and exploited, and computer viruses as well as attack methods are continually evolving, it is necessary to provide upgrades for the operating system, application software, and virus databases on a timely basis.There is usually a myth floating around that misleads users into disabling “Windows Update”, which in turn would not have patches installed in a timely manner, leaving loopholes exposed to Internet exploits as a result.

(校訂版本) Performing timely upgrades is critical in providing security. Given that new vulnerabilities are being exposed and exploited, and computer viruses as well as attack methods are continually evolving, it is necessary to provide upgrades for the operating system, application software, and virus databases on a timely basis. There is usually a false understanding of security that misleads users into disabling “Windows Update,” which in turn would not have patches installed in a timely manner, leaving vulnerabilities exposed to Internet exploits as a result.

(講解分析)
「漏洞」- 這字面翻譯就是 “loophole”，但是被老外改成 “vulnerability”，這是版主學到的一門課，要從文字意義上去找出合適的英文單字。

「漏洞不斷被發現、病毒與攻擊不斷更新」- 表示持續且正在進行的狀態，因此要用現在進行式來表達 (本篇已經說過好幾次了)。細節請參考：『英文「現在進行式」的使用時機 (2)』。

 

◎ 抵制不良網站的誘惑，不訪問非法或不良網站，不要輕易去點擊陌生的站點。

(版主譯文) Curb your curiosity to visit illegal or malicious websites, and never click a link that will take you to a questionable website.  

(校訂版本) Withstand the temptation of malicious websites; do not visit illegal or malicious websites; do not casually click a link that will take you to an unfamiliar website.

(講解分析)
這句話的校訂版的英文非常精準。

 

◎ 電腦網路的廣泛應用和安全威脅的日益嚴重，給計算機資訊保密工作提出了更高的要求，但是絕對安全的計算機網路系統是不存在的，零風險就意味著網路的零效用。安全將是電腦網路永恆的問題，網路失洩密問題尤其顯得突出，只要我們強化保密觀念、優化安全配置，採取有效的技術手段、規範網路行為並加強資訊內容保護，就能夠盡可能地降低風險，使電腦網路發揮其最大的作用。

(版主譯文) Computer networks are being widely used and accompanying security threats are becoming more and more serious with each passing day, which presents higher requirements for the task of securing computing information. Unfortunately, an absolutely secure computer network is not possible, meaning zero risks could be achieved only if networks were dropped out of usage. Security threats will be ailing computer networks in a long time to come, with one of the most serious concerns being computer network divulgence. However, as long as we improve our awareness of confidential information protection, optimize security configurations, take effective, technical measures, maintain good behavior while getting online, and strengthen our policies of information protection, we can minimize security risks and make the most out of computer networks. 

(校訂版本) Computer networks are being widely used and accompanying security threats are becoming more serious by the day, which presents higher requirements for the task of securing computer information. Unfortunately, an absolutely secure computer network does not exist, zero risks means zero network usage. Security threats will be an eternal problem for computer networks, with one of the most serious concerns being computer network leakage. However, as long as we strengthen our awareness of confidential information protection, optimize security configurations, take effective technical measures, regulate our behavior while getting online, and strengthen the protection of information contents, security risks can be minimized, and computer networks can be allowed to maximize their functions.

(講解分析)
這段話的校訂版英文跟版主譯文差異很大，請網友分析比較其中差異。

 

© 英語學習網站《天地無用》- 狂飆英語的樂園