撰文者: Wayne 發表日期: August 10, 2010 – 11:09 am
本篇講解關係代名詞的翻譯技巧。關係代名詞是英文中特有的一種表達情境或補充說明的手段,許多老美用得爐火純青之後,簡直就把它當成連接詞使用,用來接續說話的邏輯與思緒。
這篇貼文並非講解如何使用關係代名詞,而是著重於翻譯技巧。版主日後會另闢文法解說的單元,好好講解這個困擾華人、但又極為重要的英文文法觀念。

下面是版主參考過去上課 (王力文教授) 內容所整理出來的例句,中文是版主執筆翻譯,僅供網友參考。
◎ That is the man whose house has been burned down.
就是那位男士,他的房子燒毀了。
那位男士的房子燒毀了。
(解析) 如果要強調男士的話,中文就得重複翻譯關係代名詞。
◎ I’ll take whoever wants to go.
誰想去我就帶誰去。
(解析) whoever = anyone who
* You could ask Jane or Mary or whoever really.
你可以去問 Jane 或 Mary,甚至任何人都可以。
◎ I looked at the boy, who was silently watching his fly, and it was my hands that held his rod, my eyes watching.
- ‘ Once More to the Lake’ by E. B. White
我看著兒子靜靜注視那隻蜻蜓。似乎握住他釣竿的,是我的手;而凝視那隻蜻蜓的,是我的眼睛。
(解析) who 是屬於關係代名詞的補述用法,說明他兒子的行為。如果去掉逗號改成限定用法,可以會讓人以為他當時身邊不只一位兒子。
It was … that … = > 這是一種強調的寫法。
◎ A pessimist is a man who has been compelled to live with an optimist. - Elbert Hubbard
所謂悲觀者,就是被迫與樂觀者同住的人。
(解析) 這句話其實是一種「定義」句型 (A *** is a ** who/which/with/without …) ,請網友多加注意。比方說下句:
* A snake is a reptile without legs.
* A pessimist is a person who has had to listen to too many optimists. - Don Marquis
所謂悲觀者,就是必須要聽從許多樂觀者意見的人。
◎ A man who is not a fool can rid himself of every folly but vanity. - Rousseau
人若不蠢,雖可避免犯下任何愚行,卻不能躲避虛榮。
(解析) A man who is not a fool => If a man is not a fool, …
◎ To a man who is afraid, everything rustles.
人一害怕,草木皆兵。
(解析) 同上一句。
◎ He who does not enjoy solitude will not love freedom. - Arthur Schopenhauer
不喜歡獨處的人不會喜歡自由。
人若討厭獨處,便不會喜歡自由。
◎ He who does not prevent a crime when he can, encourages it. - Seneca
能制止犯罪而不去行,等於是鼓勵犯罪。
◎ Our most important thoughts are those which contradic our emotions. - P Valery
我們最重要的思想,是與我們情感衝突的 (思想)。
◎ Vows begin when hope dies. - L Da Vinci
希望一滅,誓言便會出口。
希望破滅,誓約就出現。
(解析) Vows begin at the time when hope dies.
◎ The world, where much is to be done and little to be known. - S. Johnson
這世界要做的是太多,然而要懂的事卻太少。
◎ We’re living in a world where natural disasters are increaing.
如今世界上的自然災害不斷增加。
(解析) 要跳脫英文關係代名詞的束縛,理解之後以中文語法來翻譯。
◎ A small town is a place where everyone knows whose check is good and whose husband is not. - Sid Ascheer
小鎮就是這樣的地方:大家都知道誰的支票靠得住,誰的老公靠不住。
小鎮就是如此,彼此都知道誰的支票靠得住,誰的老公不老實。
◎ The most beautiful things are those that madness prompts and reason writes. - A Gide
由瘋狂激發但靠理智撰寫的作品是最優美的。
最優美的作品,是由瘋狂激發但以理智來撰寫。
(解析) 這裡最好不要用 which 來代替 that (即便文法允許)。
◎ I’m lazy. But it’s the lazy people who invented the wheel and the bicycle because they didn’t like walking or carrying things. - Lech Wales
我很懶,但就是因為懶人既不愛走路,又不愛提東西,他們才會發明輪子與腳踏車。
◎ It may be more convenient to carry traveller’s checks, which are insured against loss.
- Nancy Church and Anne Moss. How to Survive in the U.S.A.
因為旅行支票保有失竊險 (有投保以防止失竊),攜帶它或許會比較方便。
© 英語學習網站《天地無用》- 狂飆英語的樂園
